As the only Bordeaux appellation with three Premier Cru properties – Château Lafite-Rothschild, Château Mouton-Rothschild, and Château Latour – it is easy to see why Pauillac is considered to be not only the most revered appellation on the Left Bank but throughout the whole of Bordeaux. The Cabernet Sauvignon grapes that define the sub-region provide the foundation of some of the world’s most desired, expensive and genuinely exquisite wines.
First planted in the late 13th century, it wasn’t until the 17th century that Pauillac came into its own as a viable location for successful vineyards. Complementing its ideal terroir was the region’s location: its proximity to the Left Bank’s busy ports accelerated distribution, swiftly making the wines a favored export. Moreover, the activity generated the development of Pauillac as the largest city in the Médoc.
Located on the treasured Médoc peninsula between Saint-Estèphe and Saint-Julien, Pauillac’s terrior is characterized by a diverse composition, but the high presence of gravel generates a welcomed ability to drain well, forcing vines to develop strong, long and formidable roots. At times a bit drier than desired, the microclimates that hold water at bay also help to produce grapes with enviable tannins and robust, concentrated juices. Also, since the grapes ripen at a slower pace, they set the stage for wines which develop and optimally mature over years if not decades, adding to their desirability as well as their market value.
Pauillac’s first loyalty is to its treasured Cabernet Sauvignon, with remaining tracts used to cultivate Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Carménère and Malbec, as blending grapes. The local winemakers have become extremely adept at showcasing the individuality of their vineyards and techniques; however, despite claims that the top three Grand Cru châteaux produce wines unique unto themselves, there is clearly a Pauillac signature style that is considered by many to be the Bordeaux archetype. Stark and focused, most Pauillac wines featured a dense rather than sweet fruit note, usually with hints of blackcurrant and plum. Adding to its rich, assertive presence are additional notes of graphite, cigar, cassis, coffee, chocolate and even cedar.
While classic Pauillac wines will always reign supreme, many winemakers in the region are exploring ways to stay true to their history while developing softer, more accessible wines that can be enjoyed at a younger age. It appears that the times may be changing, but one thing is for certain: the reputation of Pauillac will never waver.
